The National Flood Protection Policy of 1954 (after the catastrophic floods of 1954 in much of the Kosi River basin) provided for flood control through a series of dams, dams and river training works. The Kosi project was therefore designed (based on surveys between 1946 and 1955) in three continuously interconnected phases – the first was a dam to anchor the river, which had moved about 120 km (75 miles) westward over the past 250 years to devastate a vast area in northern Bihar and provide Nepal and India with watering and electricity. The second part was to build dams both below and above the dam to keep the river in the defined channel. The third part provided for a high multi-purpose dam in Nepal near Barakshetra to provide both countries with a significant flood cushion as well as great benefits in terms of irrigation and electricity supply. It was followed by the Kosi Agreement between Nepal and India, which was signed on 25 April 1954 and revised on 19 December 1966 to address Nepal`s concerns. Further letters of exchange on the agreement between the two countries mentioning additional systems for the provision of benefits for irrigation. While the first two parts of the plan were implemented by the Indian government, the Kosi High Dam, the linchpin of the entire plan, did not rule out measures for several years for various political reasons, but has since been revived in a modified form for further investigation and study as part of a new agreement (1,2,3,4 & 5). Koshi Dam, also known as Bhimnagar Dam, was built between 1959 and 1963 and extends across the Indo-Nepal border. It is an irrigation, flood protection and hydropower project on the Kosi River, built under a bilateral agreement between Nepal and India: the entire cost of the project was borne by India. The river`s watershed is 61,788 km2 (23,856 square miles) in Nepal in the restricted area.

In its catchment area are the highest peaks. About 10% are fed with snow. The East Canal and the Western Canal, which flies out of the dam, were designed for a runoff capacity of 455 cubic metres per second (16,100 cu. ft./s) to irrigate 6,125 square kilometres (1,514,000 acres) and 210 cubic metres per second (7,400 cfs)/ s) to irrigate 3,566.1 square kilometres (881,200 acres), respectively. A hydroelectric power plant was built on the East Canal on a waste channel (3.6 km (2.2 miles) from the Kosi Dam) to generate 20 MW. The Western Koshi Canal provides irrigation to 250 square kilometers (62,000 hectares) in Nepal. A valuable bridge over the dam opened the east-west highway in the eastern sector of Nepal. That agreement was concluded on that twenty-fifth day, in April 1954, between the Government of the Kingdom of Nepal (`the Government`) and the Government of India (`the Union`).

Policymakers in India and Nepal may not have been properly informed of the 1997 Kosi Study Agreement, which has already been signed between our two governments to conduct a detailed feasibility study of the Kosi Navigation Canal, so the Prime Ministers of our two countries recently jointly announced that they would develop navigation themselves using the natural course of the Kosi River, although it is expected that the Kosi River spent most of the year because of the high water withdrawal for irrigation. .